Understanding Shock

Circulatory shock is a life-threatening condition that can be triggered by severe burns, major trauma, sepsis or other medical emergencies. Patients with shock require immediate intensive care to stabilise circulation and support affected organs, typically using intravenous fluids and vasopressors. As current treatment remains largely supportive, a better understanding of the biological mechanisms driving shock is essential for developing more effective and targeted therapies.

What happens during circulatory shock?

In circulatory shock, the body can no longer maintain adequate blood flow, leaving organs and tissues without enough oxygen and nutrients. As a result, cells malfunction and vital organs such as the brain, heart, lungs, kidneys and liver become impaired. In response, the body activates a complex network of inflammatory, hormonal and cardiovascular mechanisms to maintain blood flow. In severe shock and without rapid treatment, however, these protective responses can become overwhelmed, leading to progressive circulatory instability, multiple organ failure, and, ultimately, death.

The role of DPP3 in shock

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 3 (DPP3) is a causal factor in around 50% of shock cases. Under normal conditions, the enzyme is found inside cells, where it helps regulate oxidative stress. During severe shock, dying cells release DPP3 into the bloodstream, where it breaks down vital hormones such as angiotensin and other peptides that are essential for regulating blood pressure and cardiovascular function. Elevated circulating DPP3 levels can destabilise cardiovascular function and increase the risk of organ failure.

Based on this biological rationale, 4TEEN4 Pharmaceuticals has developed Invobenitug, an antibody that inhibits cDPP3 activity and aims to reverse shock. Learn more about treating shock with Invobenitug and discover our approach.